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Relative scalar : ウィキペディア英語版
Relative scalar
In mathematics, a relative scalar (of weight ''w'') is a scalar-valued function whose transform under a coordinate transform,
:
\bar^j = \bar^j(x^i)

on an ''n''-dimensional manifold obeys the following equation
:
\bar(\bar^j) = J^w f(x^i)

where
: J = \begin \displaystyle \frac^n)} \end ,
that is, the determinant of the Jacobian of the transformation. A scalar density refers to the w=1 case.
Relative scalars are an important special case of the more general concept of a relative tensor.
==Ordinary scalar==
An ordinary scalar or absolute scalar refers to the w=0 case.
If x^i and \bar^j refer to the same point P on the manifold, then we desire \bar(\bar^j) = f(x^i). This equation can be interpreted two ways when \bar^j are viewed as the "new coordinates" and x^i are viewed as the "original coordinates". The first is as \bar(\bar^j) = f(x^i(\bar^j)), which "converts the function to the new coordinates". The second is as f(x^i)=\bar(\bar^j(x^i)), which "converts back to the original coordinates. Of course, "new" or "original" is a relative concept.
There are many physical quantities that are represented by ordinary scalars, such as temperature and pressure.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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